![]() ![]() As a result, circling minima at certain airports may increase significantly. The circling approach area has been expanded to provide improved obstacle protection. The FAA has modified the criteria for circling approach areas via TERPS 8260.3C. ICAO PANS-OPS uses a varying MOC which increases with aircraft category as shown in Table 2: Table 2: Minimum Obstacle Clearance (MOC) - PANS-OPS Aircraft category Table 1 shows the lowest value of visibility assumed by each method: Table 1: Minimum Visibility at OCA Aircraft category These values are calculated differently and therefore, may result in different AOM. Circling Approaches Minimum Visibilityīoth PANS-OPS and US TERPS assume values of minimum visibility available to the pilot at the lowest obstacle clearance altitude (OCA). This is especially true in respect of Circling Approaches where the assumed radius of turn and minimum obstacle clearance are markedly different (see below). Pilots should be aware that there are differences in obstacle clearance criteria between procedures designed in accordance with ICAO PANS-OPS and US TERPS. Some NATO military procedures are also based on US TERPS standards. These include Canada, Korea, Saudi Arabia and Taiwan. US TERPS are used in USA and in certain other countries. United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS), described in FAA Order No 8260.3C.PANS-OPS procedures are the international standard and are used throughout Europe and in many other countries world-wide. ICAO Procedures, described in ICAO Doc 8168 Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS-OPS).The procedures themselves are based on obstacle clearance domains constructed using internationally accepted standards. This information typically consists of approach and departure procedures which assure safe separation between the aircraft and known obstacles located close to the intended flight path of the procedure in question. Comparison between ICAO PANS-OPS and US TERPSĪerodrome operating minima (AOM) are calculated by operators based on information supplied by national authorities in their AIPs. ![]()
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